Indonesia

Main findings

2050 projections of power and industrial high temperature heating sectors:

• Projected no-action emissions based on current energy mix: 775.6 MtCO2e /year+
• Maximum mitigation potential: 775.6 MtCO2e/year
• Most important needle mover is onshore wind, requiring ammonia storage to achieve zero emissions in modelled sectors. Fossil fuel heaters are replaced by electric and ammonia heaters to meet industrial high temperature heating demand.
• Average cost of achieving zero emissions in autarky is USD 24.30/tCO2e.
• In international collaboration, onshore wind in Indonesia remains a driving technology to reduce emissions. Green electricity imports and exports play an important role in the collaborations modelled, reducing mitigation costs.
• Average costs of achieving zero emissions in collaborative scenarios tested here range from USD 8.70 - USD 17.90/tCO2e.

+Emissions are the annualised value for a 30-year project starting in 2050 (i.e., divided by 30 from the total project emissions)